We can focus on these grammar topics depending on your language needs and interests. These are examples of common grammar areas that may be included in a B2 (Upper Intermediate) course.

Tense Use and Time Expressions at B2

• Present Perfect – for life experience, recent past, and actions that affect the present
  → I’ve lived here for ten years / I’ve lost my keys
  Often used with: since, for, already, yet, ever
• Past Tenses – combining past simple, past continuous, and past perfect to describe events in sequence or give background
  → She was cooking when I arrived / She had already left
  Common expressions: when, while, before, after, by the time
• Future Forms – for plans, predictions, timetables, and future progress
  → I’m going to visit them soon / I’ll call you later / The train leaves at 10
  → I’ll be travelling this time next week / He will have finished by Friday
  Typical expressions: tomorrow, next year, soon, eventually

Modal Verbs

• Deduction and speculation – She must be tired, That can’t be true
• Advice, obligation, necessity – should, must, have to, needn’t
• Ability and possibility – can, could, be able to
• Politeness and formal requests – Would you mind…?, Could you possibly…?

Conditionals and Hypothetical Language

• If you heat water, it boils (zero)
• If it rains, I’ll stay in (first)
• If I won the lottery, I’d travel the world (second)
• If I had studied, I would have passed (third)
• If I’d left earlier, I wouldn’t be stuck in traffic now (mixed)

Passive Voice (Different Tenses)

• The email has been sent / Dinner will be served at 8pm

Verb Patterns

• Gerunds and infinitives – I want to go / They stopped working / She made me cry

Stative vs Dynamic Verbs

• know, love, believe (stative) vs eat, run, talk (dynamic)

Talking About Past Habits

• used to / would – I used to live in Paris

“Get” – Different Meanings and Uses

• get angry, get a message, get something done

Articles

• a(n), the, and the zero article – when and why to use them

Making Comparisons

• much bigger than, just as tall as, exactly the same as

Linking Words for Fluency and Clarity

• by the way, actually, as I was saying, basically, in other words

Language for Contrast

• although, however, in spite of, nevertheless, despite the fact that

Collocations

• make a decision, do the shopping, heavy rain, strong coffee

Advanced Quantifiers and Intensifiers

• hardly any, far too much, loads of, a great deal of

Formal vs Informal Language

• Can you help? vs Would you mind assisting me?
• start vs commence, need vs require

Distancing Language

• apparently, there are said to be, it seems, it appears

Cleft Sentences (for Emphasis)

• What I need is a break / It was Maria who told me / The thing I loved most was the view